(1) The Soviet Union increased its power by developing heavy industry. Under Stalin the government socialized agriculture and created a massive bureaucracy to administer policy. ALIN ROBLEMS OCIALISM R. S. S. THE U. Between 1927 and 1929, the State Planning Committee (Gosudarstvennyy planovyy komitet--Gosplan) worked out the First Five-Year Plan for intensive economic growth; Stalin began to implement this plan--his "revolution from above"--in 1928. Later the kulak label was use to describe any peasant who resisted collectivization, refused to turn grain over to the state or otherwise caused trouble. Many were in places where no one had previously lived. By 1937 the government had organized approximately 99 percent of the Soviet countryside into state-run collective farms. But it was Stalin who employed them to their most hideous and at least semi-effective ends. *. BUT: Lenin founded the GULAG (an acronym for, in English, Main Administration of Collective Labor Camps), the network of prisons and forced labor camps throughout the Soviet Union. Soviet newspapers and radio broadcasts glorified the achievements of communism, Stalin, and his economic programs.In 1930, an editorial in the Communist Party newspaper Pravda explained the purpose of art: "Literature, the cinema, the arts are levers in the hands of the proletariat which must be used to show the masses positive models of initiative and heroic labor." Edit. Many were killed or sent to labor camps or remote areas of Siberia to start new villages and had their grain, homes and possessions were seized. In general, however, the Soviet economy had become industrialized by the end of the 1930s. (2) The government reduced its role in planning industrial production. There were hundreds of camps. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. At its height the gulag system contained 476 camp complexes, within which there were often dozens, sometimes hundreds of individual camps. The work force of the state farm received wages and social benefits comparable to those enjoyed by industrial workers. There was no incentive to grow it because they had to turn it over to the state, with very little compensation. His aspirational five-year plans transformed the Soviet Union into the industrial superpower that defeated Nazi Germany in ⦠Under the plan, the Soviet government began the nationwide collectivization of agriculture to ensure production and distribution of food supplies to the growing industrial sector and to free labor for industry. [Source: Library of Congress, July 1996 *], However, these aggregate growth figures hid gross inefficiencies that are typical of centrally planned systems. A. Reasons why Stalin wanted to carry out the economic policies: 1. In any event, collectivization met widespread resistance not only from the kulaks but from poorer peasants as well, and a desperate struggle of the peasantry against the authorities ensued. Millions of people were jailed in Gulag Labour Camps. Book: Harvest of Sorrow by historian Robert Conquest. It was to be a large, modern enterprise directed and financed by the government. Stalin had hoped the gulags would turn a profit but they ultimately drained more than contributed to the Soviet economy. Although Stalin died in 1953, his emphasis on heavy industry and central control over all aspects of economic decision making remained virtually intact well into the 1980s. Soviet society, economy and the Bolshevik party under Stalin. And, unlike other famines in history caused by blight or drought, this was caused when a dictator wanted both to replace Ukraineâs small farms with state-run collectives and punish independence-minded Ukrainians who pose⦠*. The system was huge. "Collectivization" caused hardships particularly in the Ukraine and the Volga-Don region, the heart of the farming belt, where hundreds of thousands of farmers, many of them kulaks, resisted. But because Stalin insisted on unrealistic production targets, serious problems soon arose. Upon taking over control, he sought to modernise Soviet Union by undertaking two policies: In this section, we will be evaluating the economic policies that Stalin has imposed on Soviet Union. Such rapid growth of towns created shortages – so rationing was introduced. Though Stalin's plans to rapidly socialize the Soviet economy ultimately achieved some measure of success, forced industrialization and collectivization did much damage to the people and their way of life. (Self-sufficient and militarily strong socialist state) 2. Petty crimes and hooliganism were fairly common in these cities. This period also included the large-scale evacuation of much of the country's industrial production capacity from European Russia to the Urals and Central Asia to prevent further war damage to its economic base. * Entire villages perished from starvation. Everyone else therefore has no incentive to protect that property but to steal it back.". In a relatively short period of time Russia was transformed from a backward agricultural country into an industrial giant. Questions or comments, e-mail [email protected], Economics, Business, Agriculture - Economic History. The hardest hit area was the Ukraine. E.g coal increased from 35.4 million tons to 64.3m tons between 1928 and 1933 (see source 7), steel rose from 4 to 18 million tones. b. the peopleâs power. New dams and hydro-electric plants were built to create the energy needed for the new industries – e.g Belomor Canal, on which 100,000 workers died. Many peasants whose families had worked their land for centuries resisted and were forced to give up their farms and move to huge collective farms. To turn the Soviet Union into a modern world power. In the first Five-Year plan, Stalin called for a quadrupling of outputs of heavy industry to be achieved with massive building projects and production quotas. Housing was also poor. Collective farms also received quotas, but they were free to sell excess output in collective-farm markets where prices were determined by supply and demand.
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